By Philip
Em Portugal, a moeda tornou-se um dos elementos-chave do sistema económico de qualquer Estado, desempenhando um papel decisivo no estabelecimento da sua estabilidade e autonomia de pagamentos. A unidade estatal https://znaki.fm/pt/currencies/ não é apenas um meio de troca dentro do estado, mas também um meio de política macroeconómica, que permite ao país concentrar-se na inflação, na complexidade, no preço das exportações e importações, bem como no nível generalizado da actividade de pagamentos. A supervisão da sua moeda dá ao Estado a oportunidade de organizar um sistema autónomo de pagamentos e empréstimos, o que é um aspecto útil da soberania económica.
Por outro lado, moedas globais como US$, € ou libra £, PLN polonês, têm uma função fundamental no comércio internacional e nas transações financeiras. Eles são a base das contas mundiais, dos investimentos e da estabilidade das poupanças. A estabilidade da moeda estatal afeta diretamente a confiança na economia de classe mundial do estado. Ao mesmo tempo, os países com moedas menos estáveis enfrentam normalmente situações, como inflação e taxas de câmbio elevadas, que podem ter um efeito negativo na melhoria económica e no bem-estar dos residentes.
Iene (JPY)
O iene (¥) é a unidade nacional do Japão, uma das principais moedas da economia mundial. É a terceira unidade adicional mais popular depois do dólar americano e do euro, também uma unidade amplamente utilizada em compras globais, nomeadamente na região Ásia-Pacífico. O iene é um sinal do poder financeiro do Japão, a segunda melhor economia do mundo, depois dos Estados Unidos, até ao início da década de 2000, e continua agora a ser uma das ferramentas económicas importantes na economia internacional. O iene japonês é muito popular devido à sua própria estabilidade e pagamento de juros adequado, o que o tornou um acordo prático de compensação por ações (empréstimo a taxas baixas e investimento em imóveis com benefícios significativos).
A peculiaridade do iene é a sua posição nas esferas monetárias, principalmente em situações de momentos financeiros, quando muitas vezes é apresentado como um “porto seguro”. Durante flutuações cambiais críticas, os investidores tendem a comprar o iene, o que fortalece o seu preço. O Japão é também um dos mais poderosos proprietários de reservas de ouro e moeda, o que também fortalece o reconhecimento mundial do iene. Mas um iene forte pode ser problemático para as vendas no leste, tornando-o menos forte para as vendas globais, levando o Banco do Japão a intervir periodicamente no mercado económico para ajustar o nível do iene.
USD
A moeda dos EUA – $ (USD) – é considerada a moeda mais importante e frequentemente utilizada na política de pagamentos mundial. Tornou-se a principal unidade de reserva do mundo e tem um papel fundamental na economia internacional e em Portugal. A maioria das reformas globais, juntamente com o petróleo e outras matérias-primas importantes, são cotadas em dólares americanos. Isto dá aos EUA bónus de pagamento significativos, tais como baixos custos de empréstimos e uma influência significativa na política de pagamentos global. A confiabilidade e a ampla difusão do dólar americano fazem dele uma boa unidade para reservas internacionais e transações comerciais.
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País
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Classificação de uso USD
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Barbados
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Amplamente utilizado ao lado de $
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Baamas
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Moeda de fato (próximo a $)
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Camboja
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Frequentemente usado junto com R
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Timor Leste
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Moeda do estado
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Zimbábue
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Aplica-se em conjunto com diferentes moedas
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Líbano
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Frequentemente usado junto com a libra libanesa
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Salvador
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Moeda legal
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Equador
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Moeda legal
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Panamá
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Moeda do estado
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€;
O euro, introduzido em 1999, é uma das principais unidades da economia mundial e de Portugal. É a unidade jurídica da zona euro, que inclui vários estados da UE. A importância do euro na economia mundial é determinada não só pela sua utilização no comércio internacional e nas transações monetárias, mas também pelo seu papel como uma das unidades de reserva do mundo. O Euro ainda desempenha um papel importante no sistema económico europeu, proporcionando integração e estabilidade de pagamentos na União Europeia, o que o torna uma componente essencial do panorama económico e governamental da Europa e de Portugal em conjunto.
PLN polonês
O zloty polaco, a moeda nacional da Polónia, desempenha um papel importante na economia do seu próprio país. O zloty (PLN) recuperou de um período de forte volatilidade na década de 1990, graças às transformações de pagamentos e ao sistema do Banco Central da Polónia. Apesar de a Polónia se ter tornado representante da União Europeia, ainda utiliza a sua própria unidade, o que lhe confere um controlo extra sobre o seu próprio sistema monetário e de crédito. Mais artigos reais sobre Portugal, no portal oficial znaki.fm/pt/ para utilizadores. Isto oferece uma oportunidade para a Polónia responder favoravelmente aos momentos e desafios de pagamento característicos da sua economia. Muitos residentes em Portugal também usam o zloty, pois voam para cá em busca de vagas com as suas próprias poupanças.
O PLN continua a ser uma imagem chave da soberania étnica e da identidade financeira da Polónia. No entanto, a transição para a zona euro foi discutida no passado, agora a Polónia apresenta o zloty como uma unidade estatal pessoal. Isto também permite à Polónia manter a concorrência dos seus próprios produtos no mercado mundial, graças à capacidade de criar um sistema monetário independente adaptado aos desejos da sua economia.
A singularidade da moeda Euro
- Classificação mundial: € é uma das principais unidades internacionais, frequentemente utilizada não só na Europa, mas também fora das suas fronteiras.
- 2 unidades adicionais: Depois do dólar americano, o euro ocupa o segundo lugar no mundo em número de fundos internacionais.
- A moeda oficial da Zona Euro: O euro é utilizado em dezanove dos 27 estados membros da UE, formando a chamada Zona Euro.
- Uma variedade de notas e centavos: O euro é produzido sob a forma de notas e centavos de várias denominações, cada uma com um design único.
- Proteção contra falsificação: as notas de euro estão equipadas com os métodos mais recentes e confiáveis que evitam a falsificação.
- Mercado económico indivisível: O euro contribuiu para a formação de um mercado financeiro único na Europa, fortalecendo o comércio e as operações de pagamento entre os países membros.
- Impacto na política financeira: A introdução do euro terá um forte impacto no sistema económico dos países da Zona Euro, especialmente em termos de crescimento e taxas de juro.
- Um sinal de cooperação europeia: o euro é um dos sinais da compreensão monetária e política europeia.
- Autonomia do Banco Central Europeu: O Banco Central Europeu, que administra o Euro, opera independentemente das partes dos países da Zona Euro.
By Philip
I had the absolute pleasure to be part of the BBC Worldwide Creative Summit at the beginning of this month. The purpose of the event was to inspire around 100 staff members to think creatively who came from places including Europe, America and Australia. This was produced by a series of talks and Q&A sessions by people from numerous industries (art, music, fashion, design and marketing) during the course of two days. As you will see from the photos I performed when people entered and interacted with the BBC staff. From that I was involved in a talk called ‘Problem Makers’, focussing on how I created an audience through my artistic career and how in my mind anyone could achieve this in a creative way. You can find the organiser, Charlie Henniker’s quote below, on his view of my contribution for the day.
‘Philip came to speak at the BBC Worldwide Creative Summit in Bethnal Green. He was briefed to speak about being a ‘Problem Maker’, identifying a new creative route and extending it to brand partnerships, and embracing the ‘What If?’ approach. This was preluded by a performance piece at the start of the event. Both were really well received, and Philip was utterly engaged with the purpose of the event from the outset – this resulted in a brilliant presentation and really positive feedback from all attendees.’
Charlie Henniker, Lead Creative, Content Marketing and Creative, BBC Worldwide
Images copyright BBC Worldwide taken by Michael Swann
By Philip
I am very blessed with all that has happened in the last year and many wonderful things have been achieved when I look back during 2013. To start the year off I was voted into the Time Out Culture 100 2013. I then went on to give a talk at Somerset House to the students of The Courtauld Institute of Art and a month later at Central St Martin’s. My work was publicly displayed in London as well as auctioned off to support a charity for The London Coffee Festival. This was all while I performed at not only The Roundhouse in London but also internationally in both Estonia and Finland’s national art museums – both trips kindly supported by their respective British Council‘s. To top this all off (with sprinkles) I went onto get my Hundreds and Thousands image immortalised in Phaidon’s publication ‘Wild Art’ (page 167), which is a thumbs up from people in the art world. Find below links and images to the recent happenings as well as a wonderful email from a mother who saw me with her children in Finland performing. Here is to 2014!
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Interview with prime time morning show ERR on ETV in Estonia. Follow link here to watch http://etv.err.ee/index.php?05629907&video=8823#.Uqc89tJdWAa
TV interview with ERR on ETV in Estonia
Performing at Kumu, Art Museum of Estonia
Philip Levine performing at Kumu – Art museum of Estonia – Photo by Evelina Vedom
Performing at Kamppi – Helsinki
Philip Levine performing at Kamppi – Helsinki – Photo by Ignacio Pérez Pérez
Email from mother a few weeks later after the Helsinki performance:
We saw your performance at Kamppi shopping centre in Helsinki. And I must say, hardly ever anything sticks to the minds of my kids so intensively… They are still sometimes talking about that man with the crystals…We have had discussions about how is it possible to have crystals instead of hair, did he really glue them on his skin, will he ever be able to get them off. And of course: “Mum, I’d like to have that kind of crystals too… to play with.” So, thank you – Best Regards, Anna.
Finally Wild Art where you can find my Hundreds and Thousands image on page 167. More can be found at http://bit.ly/18zjBJo through a recent Guardian article
Wild Art by Phaidon
By Philip
I have chosen to use my blog to talk about the artistic medium I am very passionate about and have now been practicing since 2006. This entails performance, live or, in some ways, life art. I mention on my website that art is naturally collaborative and in all my work, be it writing, talks or performances I normally have someone or many people supporting my process. This, to me, is the essence of collaboration. I will therefore acknowledge anyone that helps me develop each one of my articles going forward. I hope you enjoy and find what I discuss now and in the future thought-provoking.
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The Abramović Effect
In written collaboration with Anastasia Niedinger.
As an artist both within and exploring the field of performance art, a number of discernible patterns have become apparent to me. As I see it, the rise of performance art within popular culture – particularly in the last year – has been symptomatic of the general public’s disillusionment with conventional artistic mediums. I believe this has been brought on by the rapid and all-pervasive development of technology in the last decade – specifically social media – and the new interdisciplinary relationships this has forged between concepts of human interaction, access to information and consumption of media.
Establishments, organisations and museums are well aware of the dramatic shift undergone by art in recent decades. Most clearly, this has been demonstrated by the Tate, whose team have developed The Tate Modern Project – a space dedicated to film, video, photography and performance. In its vision statement, it claims ‘Film, video, photography and performance have become more essential strands of artistic practice, and artists have embraced new technologies. Ambitious and imaginative installations are now pushing traditional gallery spaces to their limits’, advocating the modernisation of artistic execution.
A great illustration of this innovation is the work of performance artist Marina Abramović, whose rise and influence on contemporary culture over the last three years has been nothing less than dramatic. Seldom in recent memory has a performance artist exerted such notable influence on popular society.
From March to May 2010, Abramović’s performance of The Artist Is Present in New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), offered visitors the opportunity to sit for indefinite periods of time facing her, and engage in periods of unbroken eye-contact. This highly sought-after performance underpinned the subsequent release of a 2012 documentary film, Marina Abramovic: The Artist Is Present tracing the sensational impact of the installation. This piece would mark the start of the artist’s rippling effect among a widely diversified and global audience.
She has since exercised a marketing whirlwind by capitalising on her fame by broadcasting several surprising collaborations.
So why is this so important?
Firstly, one must consider the medium in question: ‘performance art’. For many, this art form is considered difficult to classify, and, unlike painting or sculpture, the practice is seldom recognised as a tangible or lucrative commodity. Unlike the majority of more conventional art forms, whereby practitioners’ work can be sold for an agreed sum, human embodiments of performance cannot be collected or stored. One might then ask, if captured artefacts – such as limited edition photographs of a performance – manage to arouse any high stake punts on value at all? Probably not. For any rightful gallery owner, art buyer or straight-laced connoisseur, even a love of the performing arts has traditionally failed to yield long-term investment, and up until this year, performance art has remained obscure, typified by independently funded ventures.
Against these odds, on July 10 2013 performance art was granted a wider, commercial audience. Here, we saw Abramović join Jay-Z in a six-hour performance of his ‘Picasso Baby’ single at a New York gallery (open to public and fans). Arguably, Jay-Z’s encounter with Abramović was meticulously orchestrated. This footage went viral on Vine and various other social media platforms, and later even re-mastered as the self-titled ‘A Performance Art Film’. In higher measure, Lady Gaga recently displayed her naked body as part of a promotional video alongside Abramović. The video was used by Abramović as a means to boost her Marina Abramović Institute Kickstarter campaign. Not surprisingly, the project hit its target of $600,000, three days ahead of schedule.
It is wise to observe these events in terms of popular culture and its mass sway over public consciousness. Jay-Z, considered by many as a rap superstar (not to mention, the weight of his celebrity marriage to Beyoncé), demonstrates both influence and clout among the media, music, and associated industries. Likewise, Lady Gaga now openly fames herself as one of the most iconic pop artists in recent history.
What is actually happening?
The first, is that social media, as a hyper-interactive virtual forum, is in fact driving many of its users apart. Subsequently, consumers can become heavily alienated from a natural or human basis for interaction. More interestingly, users exposed to a high concentration of internet based stimulus may also find themselves desensitised from to a range of emotive responses.
The result: in spite of our ‘highly interactive’ lives – supported by digital means – an inherently primal need for humanistic interaction quietly grows. I believe the growing attraction to more visceral experiences, and correspondingly, to performance stems from here. Public audiences now desire personal connections, both among themselves and with their creative icons. Interactive involvement has grown key to maintaining collective interest in art.
The “Quick-Fix Factor”
When Abramović sat in the MoMA for three months to meet each attendee’s gaze and enable an ‘authentic’ personal connection – it marked a cultural trend.
Ironically, one of the most effective tools for distributing performance art has become the web itself. A viewer’s desire to bridge the gap between themselves and their admired artist by means other than attending a performance itself, is something I like to call the ‘quick fix’ factor. After more than a decade of digital consumption, we as a generation now seek out immediate gratification from interpersonal performance that can be streamed live to our desktops. If a chosen artist does not satisfy this desire, we are quick to move to another that will.
Abramović’s broadcasted collaborations with pop stars Jay-Z and Lady Gaga, demonstrate explicitly the formation of an impatient, and ‘quick fix’ viewer generation. Gone are the days of curating performance art to sensitively illustrate the substance, nuance and complexity of this form.
The media
Borrowing from performance art, modern marketing campaigns are also employing the power of human intimacy, by synthesising interaction via live stream technology.
Likewise, celebrities are recognising their audiences’ desire for a personal connection, demonstrating this in recent rhetoric and performance, mediated by a bank of digital press and media outlets. The big players – Gaga, Madonna and others including Tilda Swinton – have grown “streetwise” (recall David Bowie in his prime) to the incumbent Zeitgeist.
The Abramovic Effect
So “What is “The ‘Abramovic Effect’?” you might ask. It is a paradox within itself. On the one hand, it is the emerging desire to experience personal or sensual moments through performance art. On the other, it is the anonymous, digital medium broadcasting the phenomenon. Not surprisingly, performance art can now be harnessed by media campaigns designed to increase one’s fame. These events have the potential to reinforce impersonal, viral trends. As an artist, the duality of this phenomenon has been an interesting one, both to be admired and questioned.
What does this mean for performance art?
Despite the potentially negative aspects of the commercialising of performance art, it draws an interesting, and more realistically, positive trajectory for this medium in the future as a whole. Given the growth in popularity of ventures such as The Tate Modern Project and PunchDrunk’s The Drowned Man we begin to see a clear signifier of what society wants, needs and, it seems, where it is actually going.
Performance Art and its various strands (live and life art) as well as digital art are the signs of things to come. For those artists – myself included – there is no better time than now to make a unique and large-scale impact with the medium we are working.
By Philip
I am pleased to announce a revamp of my website.
When shaving my head 7 years ago and the thought of using it as a canvas for my art, I never would have expected the organic way it developed, inspired people and the wonderful journey and achievements that have happened during that time.
As you can see I now aim to create more art, evolve my performances, keep developing my thoughts about live and performance art via my blog, and offer my services in doing more talks, workshops and consultancy. Enjoy – www.philsays.com
